Actually, pinning down the medieval period is difficult. So much happened during this time. It is, after all, covering 300 years. At the start of this period there were Lorum ipsum nt uit labore et dolore magna aliquam erat volupat. Ut enim ad minimum veniami quis nostrud exercitation Ullam corpor sm dolor sit amet, consectetur adipscing elit sed diam nonumny euismod tempor incidunt uit labore et dolore magna aliquam erat volupat. Ut enim ad minimum veniami quis nostrud. Exercitation ullam corpor suscipuitod tempor incidunt uit labore et dolore magna aliquam erat volupat. Ut enim ad minimum veniami quis nostrud exercitaum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipscing elit sed diam nonumny euismod tempor incidunt uit labore et dolore magna aliquam erat volupat.
The origins of music are obscure. Pictures of early musical instruments are to be found in Egypt, China, Mesopotamis, and elsewhere, and there are references to music in the Old Testament and in Greek literature, but most of the must that we can appreciate today dates back only to babout 1550 AD. Before about 1000AD, Western music was almost entirely meldoic. In the early Christian church a sytl eof change known as plainsong awas established by Pope Gregory I, whose name gives us Gregorian chant.
The monks made use of modal scales [See lecture 4: Harmony before Mozart] and alter began to experiment with polyphony (the combination of two melodies). This was at first known as organum which, in its simplest form, consisted of the addition of a melody a perfect fourth or fifth below the original plainsong.
During the twelfth and thirteenth centuries a style of composition called conductus emerged, in which two or three parts moved more freely and independently than in organum. In the early thirteenth cetnury the motet was introduced, and flourished throughout the century. The motet was a short piece for unaccompanied voices (usually in three parts), which was based on the lowest part (tenor) and was normally in plainsong form.
In medieval times it was the practice to write plainsong melodies to some parts of the Ordinary of the mass - musical settings of the Ordinary as a whole were not common until after c. 1430.
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Dufay, Guillaume de Machaut, Landini, Guiraut de Bornelh, Bernart de Ventadorn